備孕/懷孕,妳顯少聽說的「喝咖啡秘笈」!
許多人會在門診問我:「謝醫師,請問懷孕時可以喝咖啡嗎?」
其實,無論在備孕還是懷孕時,適量喝咖啡對身體是有益的!
㊙️ 先講重點:
- 喝淺焙,抗氧化效果更好
- 長期喝,可改善胰島素阻抗、抗發炎
- 適量喝,懷孕後每天200 mg以下(約1–2杯咖啡)
- 可加鮮奶;不要加糖、糖漿、奶精
研究發現,咖啡因短期內可能降低胰島素敏感性,讓身體對血糖的調節稍微變差。但有趣的是,流行病學研究卻發現,長期習慣性飲用咖啡的人,反而與胰島素阻抗降低及第二型糖尿病風險下降相關。而且這樣的保護效果在一般咖啡與無咖啡因咖啡中都能觀察到,顯示其中的好處可能不只是來自咖啡因本身,還與咖啡中的多酚、氯原酸等抗氧化成分有關。部分臨床試驗也指出,咖啡可能與體脂肪量減少有關聯。
不過需要注意的是,如果加入大量糖或奶精,情況可能就不同了。過多的糖分可能造成血糖波動,抵銷咖啡原本與改善胰島素阻抗及抗發炎相關的潛在好處;而奶精多半含有精製油脂與添加物,長期攝取也可能對代謝健康不利。因此,如果希望保留咖啡可能帶來的健康效益,建議盡量避免高糖與奶精,選擇不加糖、不加奶精或僅少量牛奶的咖啡會較理想。
從女性健康的角度來看,咖啡其實有不少潛在好處。許多研究顯示,女性規律飲用咖啡與代謝症候群、第二型糖尿病、心血管疾病風險降低有關,同時也與某些癌症如子宮內膜癌的風險下降相關,而且這些保護效果在女性身上往往比男性更為明顯。此外,咖啡也被認為與體重控制、肝臟健康、認知功能維持,以及抗氧化與抗發炎作用有一定關聯。
不過,當進入懷孕或備孕階段時,咖啡因的攝取仍需要特別注意。研究顯示,如果在孕期時每日攝取高劑量咖啡 (超過4杯),可能與胎兒出生低體重、早產或流產風險增加有關。此外,高咖啡因攝取也可能讓部分女性的骨折風險略微上升,因此對於孕婦或骨質疏鬆高風險族群來說,更需要留意攝取量。
整體而言,以目前證據來說,咖啡本身並不會危及備孕及健康。適量飲用咖啡,長期甚至可能代謝改善與並有益於健康,特別是在心血管疾病以及子宮內膜癌方面。因此,在備孕、尤其在懷孕期間,建議將咖啡因攝取控制在每日約200 mg以下 (1–2杯咖啡),才能兼顧健康與懷孕安全唷!🍀
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<參考資料>
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[2] Effects of Habitual Coffee Consumption on Cardiometabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Health, and All-Cause Mortality. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2013. O'Keefe JH, Bhatti SK, Patil HR, et al.
[3] Associations Between the Intake of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee and Measures of Insulin Sensitivity and Beta Cell Function. Diabetologia. 2011. Loopstra-Masters RC, Liese AD, Haffner SM, Wagenknecht LE, Hanley AJ.
[4] Coffee, Glucose Homeostasis, and Insulin Resistance: Physiological Mechanisms and Mediators. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquee, Nutrition Et Metabolisme. 2008. Tunnicliffe JM, Shearer J.
[5] Metabolomic Signatures of Long-Term Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women. Diabetes Care. 2020. Hang D, Zeleznik OA, He X, et al.
[6] Longitudinal Study of the Relationship Between Coffee Consumption and Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese Adult Residents: Data From China Health and Nutrition Survey. PloS One. 2021. Ma Z, Hao M.
[7] The Effect of Coffee Consumption on Insulin Sensitivity and Other Biological Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2020. Alperet DJ, Rebello SA, Khoo EY, et al.
[8] Association Between the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and the Level of Coffee Consumption Among Korean Women. PloS One. 2016. Kim K, Kim K, Park SM.
[9] Medical Conditions Associated With Coffee Consumption: Disease-Trajectory and Comorbidity Network Analyses of a Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2022. Hou C, Zeng Y, Chen W, et al.
[10] Coffee Consumption and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of Individual Participant Data in the Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium (E2C2). The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2022. Crous-Bou M, Du M, Gunter MJ, et al.
[11] Coffee Consumption and Health: Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Multiple Health Outcomes. BMJ. 2017. Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, et al.
耀德醫師祝您好孕!